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General Programming Skills

To get started in game programming, developers should understand:
  1. Algorithmic Thinking – The ability to break down problems into step-by-step instructions a machine can execute.
  2. Data Structures & Algorithms – Efficient ways to organize and process data.
  3. SOLID Principles – Foundational software design concepts for maintainable code.
  4. Code Architecture – How to structure systems for clarity, scalability, and collaboration.
Much of a programmer’s time is spent not coding but discussing design, naming conventions, and collaboration with other programmers.

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Specialized Roles

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Gameplay Programmer

Focuses on the game’s core logic — movement, interaction, mechanics.
  • Must understand computational geometry and vector math.
  • Often works on performance optimization and memory usage.
  • Integrates third-party libraries and tools as needed.

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Audio Programmer

A rare but valuable role, mostly in AAA studios. They:
  • Handle integration of sound and music.
  • Work with signal processing and spatial audio.
  • Often collaborate closely with sound designers.

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AI Programmer

Not to be confused with machine learning engineers. AI programmers:
  • Implement pathfinding and enemy behaviors.
  • Use tools like behavior trees and finite state machines.
  • Make NPCs appear intelligent and responsive.

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Network Programmer

Handles multiplayer functionality.
  • Must understand real-time communication and client-server architecture.
  • Optimizes bandwidth and latency.
  • Ensures synchronization and prevents cheating.

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UI Programmer

  • Bridges game logic and user interface.
  • Often works directly in the game engine (e.g., Unity, Unreal).
  • Implements menus, HUDs, and transitions.

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Supporting Roles (“Adjacent” Programming)

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Backend/Infrastructure Programmer

  • Builds systems like matchmaking, leaderboards, or in-game shops.
  • Often uses web technologies and databases.

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Tools Programmer

  • Creates internal tools to improve productivity (e.g., level editors, asset importers).
  • Typically uses Python or C#.

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Automation & Testing Programmer

  • Implements systems for automated testing of game components.
  • Helps catch bugs early and improve stability.

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DevOps / Build Engineer

  • Manages builds, version control, and deployment pipelines.
  • Ensures games are properly packaged and released to stores or servers.

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Engine Programmer

  • Works on the core game engine or modifies an existing one.
  • Requires deep knowledge of graphics, physics, and performance.

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R&D Programmer

  • Explores new technologies (e.g., VR rendering, procedural generation).
  • May work with academic papers and prototypes.